Wire shaping and drawing



May 25, 1965 B. F. WARE WIRE SHAPING AND DRAWING 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Sept. 6, 1960 /4 JNVENTOR i' @EN E WARE May 25, 1965 B. F. WARE y' WIRE SHAPING AND DRAWING 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Sept. 6, 1960 www5 y May 25, 1965 B. F. WARE WIRE SHAPING AND DRAWING 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Sept. 6, 1960 g H ,w 4

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May 25, 1965 B. F. WARE 3,184,943

WIRE SHAPING AND DRAWING l Filed sept. e, 1960 5 sheets-sheet 5 IN V EN TOR.

rroRA/Eys United States Patent() 3,134,943 WIRE SHAIPNG- ANB DRAWENG Ben il. Ware, Euclid, Ghia, assigner to T he Ajax Manufacturing Company, Euclid, Ghia, a corporation of @bio Filed Sept. 6, i969, Ser. No. 54,269 i2 Claims. (Ci. i2-Zito) This invention relates to wire shaping and drawing and, as one of its objects, aims to provide a novel method and apparatus by which a shaping operation, for example flattening, and a drawing operation are performed on the wire during passage thereof through one and the same apparatus.

During the operation of wire drawing apparatus of the kind used to supply drawn wire directly to a fabricating machine, such as a cold header, it is often desirable that the drawn wire be of a noncircuiar cross-sectional shape but noncircular wire has a strong tendency to twist and the occurrence of such twist impedes the proper functioning of the `dies of the header. The present invention satisfactorily overcomes the problem of twist and, as another of its objects, provides a novel apparatus and a novel method by which wire stock being drawn for direct feeding to a header or the like, is shaped or iiattened during its passage through the apparatus by roll means associated with the drawing die.

A further object is to provide novel wire drawing apparatus of the type having longitudinally movable slide means and a drawing die movable thereby through a drawing stroke in a direction away from a grip device, and co-operating pressure rolls movable through a work stroke by the slide means for shaping or liattening the wire to the desired noncircular form.

Additionally this invention provides novel apparatus of the kind above indicated by which noncircular wire of accurate dimensional requirements, and particularly small-size noncircular wire, can be produced more reliably and satisfactorily 4than heretofore, and wherein the grip device, drawing die and shaping rolls are in a relatively closely spaced relation along the axis of the wire to minimize the occurrence of twist therein.

Other objects, novel characteristics and advantages of this invention will be apparent in the following detailed description and in the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification and in which,

FIG. l is a side elevation of wire drawing apparatus provided by this invention and embodying means for shaping the wire to noncircular form;

FIG. 2 is a plan view of the apparatus;

FIG. 3 is an end view of the apparatus as seen from the wire-entering end thereof;

FIG. 4 is a partial longitudinal vertical section on a larger scale taken through the wire shaping and drawing means as indicated by section line 4--4 of FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a partial transverse vertical section taken ythrough the shaping means as indicated by section line 5-5 of FIG. 4;

FG. 6 is a fragmentary view showing co-operating portions of the rolls of the shaping means taken approximately as indicated by section line 6--6 of FIG. 4 but with the upper roll shown in elevation;

FIG. 7 is a fragmentary View of the drawing die and adjacent portions of the die slide taken as indicated by the directional line 7-7 of FIG. 4;

FIG. 8 is a fragmentary transverse sectional view taken on section line 8 8 of FIG. 1 and showing co-operating portions of the grip blocks of the grip device; and

FIG. 9 is a fragmentary transverse sectional view taken on section line 9 9 of FG. 1 and showing co-operating portions of the feed rolls.

As a practical and preferred embodiment of this invention the drawings show an apparatus or machine le by operation of the fabricating machine.

Patented May 25, i965 lCe which shaping and drawing operations are performed on a wire or rod stock ii by a shaping device i2 and a drawing die 13 during passage of the wire through the machine. The drawing machine i@ is here shown as being used in association with a fabricating machine 14, such as a cold header, to which the drawn wire ila is supplied directly and at substantially the rate of production by the drawing machine. The wire il is advanced through the drawing machine 1t) and fed to the fabricating machine 14 by co-operating feed rolls 15 and i6 of a feed device 17.

The wire drawing machine i@ comprises, in general, and as best seen in FIGS. l and 2, a frame structure 2G having a longitudinal guideway 2i thereon adjacent the top thereof, and a drawing or die-carrying first slide 22 movable in the guideway and actuatable therealong by a swingable draw lever Z3. The machine il@ also comprises a grip device 24 having co-operating grip members or blocks 25 and 26 between which the drawn wire i1- passes and which operate to automatically grip the wire and hold the same against backward movement during a drawing stroke of the die i3. The drawing die i3 is mounted on the drawing slide 22 and is movable with the latter during the drawing and return strokes of such slide.

The guideway 21 is formed by laterally spaced longitudinal recesses 29 extending along the frame 2t) on opposite sides of the main chamber or recess 3G thereof. The die slide 22 has lateral projections 31 received in the guideway 2li and confined therein by cover plates 32 attached to the frame 2G by suitable screws 33. The drawing slide 22 is of a conventional form having a die socket 34 in which the drawing die t3 is seated and retained as by means of a set screw 3S. The body of the slide 22 is preferably hoilow so as to provide a chamber 36 for holding a supply of lubricating powder or the like in adjacent relation to the drawing die i3. The die slide Z2 preferably also has guide bushings 37 and 38 mounted therein on opposite sides of the die i3 and providing guide passages which are aligned with the orifice of the die.

The draw lever Z3 is located in the recess 3) of the frame 26 and is swingably supported by a transverse pivot shaft 38 rockably mounted in laterally spaced bearings 39 and 4d of the frame. At the upper end thereof the draw lever 23 is provided with a forked portion 41 which straddles the drawn wire 1111 and the portion of the die slide 22 containing the guide bushing 38. The forked portion 41 provides a pair of thrust arms 41a having conveX portions which are rockably engageable with laterally spaced fiat thrust members 42 on the adjacent end of the drawing slide 22.

The draw lever 23 is actuatable by a connecting rod 44 pivotally attached to the lower end thereof and having an operating connection with an eccentric portion 45 of a rotatable drive shaft 46. The shaft 46 extends transversely of the frame 2t) and is suitably mounted in an outboard bearing projection 47 thereof. As .shown in FIG. 3, the connecting rod 44 and the eccentric shaft portion 45 with which this rod is connected are located at the inner end of the drive shaft 46.

The drive shaft 46 can be driven from an available power source such as from the driving means of the fabricating machine i4 in which case the wire drawing machine iti will be operated in a desired timed relation with the In the apparatus here shown, this is accomplished by a drive chain 45 extending from the header 14 and passing around a sprocket 49 secured on the outer end of the drive shaft 46. The tightness of the chain 43 can be suitably adjusted by a chain tightening device 5@ mounted on the outboard bearing 47 and having an idler sprocket Si engaged with the chain.

' movement of such lever.

sda/gelte tween the feed roll device i7 and the ydrawing slide 22.v

The grip blocks 25 and 26 mentioned above are located in the grip 'cox Sti in a vertically disposed relation and are` wedge-shaped blocks whose tapered surfaces S are ina co-operating relation to correspondingv tapered surfaces of upper and lower thrust blocks 56 and 57 which are located in the grip box above and below the gripblocks.

Groups of antifrication rollers 5S are preferably provided Y to andis freely rotatable by reason of itibeingmounted in the grip device 24 and disposed between the grip blocks f and 26 and their associated thrust blocks 56 and v57.

The co-operating grip blocks 25 and 26 grip and hold the wire 1l against backward movement so that swinging of the draw lever 23 in a counterlockwise direction as seen in FIG. l will move the drawing slide 22 toward theV left along the guideway 2l. to thereby actuate the drawing f ment of the drawing slide 22 is produced by the pulling 'i action of the wire ylili thereon which vresults from the ad- Vance feeding movement of the wire by the feed device 17. The return stroke of the drawing slide 22 is also prov duced or assisted by a pair of laterally spaced compression springs 59 acting against depending spring seats 6% of the slide and supported by guide rods 61 connected with such spring seats.

The feed rolls l5 and i6 of the feed roll device 17 are intermittently driven from an available power source, in i this case, yby a power take-olf lever d4 (see FIGS. l and 2) secured on a projecting end portion of the draw lever rockshaft 3S. The lower feed roll 'i6 is connected through a one-way clutch means 65 with an actuating lever 66 so as to be intermittently driven in response to swinging here shown as connected by gearing 63 which need be provided vonly if the upper roll is intended to be driven also.

The drive lever 66 is connected with the power take-off lever 64 by a thrust link 67 whose connection to the vpower take-oft lever is made through an adjusting device 68 by which the angular stroke of the actuating lever 66 The feed rolls 15 and 16 are can be varied as desired. `When the co-operating feed rolls 15and 16 are driven by power take-olf means cond side of the drawing slide 22 from which the wire 11 is i supplied, that is, on the entry side of the orifice of the drawing die i3. The sl aping device l2 comprises a second or auxiliary slide '70 having lateral projections 71 i operable in the guideway 2l of the frame 20. The shaping device i2 also comprises shaping rollsin this case, a pair of upper and lower rolls 72 and 73 between which the ,wise 11 passes and by which suchwire is subjected to a desired shaping or flattening operation.

In the wire drawing machine lll here shown, the shapf.

ing operation being performed on the wire l1 is a flattening operation by which one side of the wire, in this case the top portion thereof, is flattened in advance ofthe drawing operation performed by the drawing die 13. The

upper roll '72 of the attcning device 12 is accordingly a flat-surfaced roll, that is a cylindrical roll, whose pressure-engagement with the wire causes a flattening thereof.

The upper rolls 72 is of a relatively small diameter so as to have only a small area of working Contact with the wire for application of maximum working pressure therewith the end Vportion 72.a thereof received in a pair Aof antifriction bearings 74.

The lower roll 73 is a support roll for; the wlre il and .supports the same during the flattening thereof by the upper roll '72. The lower roll 73 is of a relatively large diameter in comparison with the upper roll '72, and has an annular grooveV 75 in the periphery thereof for receiving the wire .Til and whose cross-sectional shape corresponds with -that of the wire and, in this case, is a concave orV scmicircular groove in which thel lower segment of the wire lies. The lower roll 73 is freelyV rotatable on an antifriction bearing'77 which is mounted on an eccentric portion 7S of apivot shaft 79. Y

The co-operating rolls 72 and 73 of theshaping device i2 are supported oy a bracket Sdlwhich is attached to the second slide ft? by suitable screws Sil .A passage 32 eX- tending through the bracket Si) and the adjacent portion of the Vsecond 'slide 7G accommodates lthe wire 11 as itV lenters andieaves the bightl or pass of the co-operating rolls 72 and 73. The antifriction support bearings 74 for the upper roll 72 are mounted in the bracket 86 as shown in FIG. 5, and the mounting shaft 79 for the lower roll 73 is mounted in the arms 42 of a depending forked portion S4 of the bracket 86.

The width of the pass between the co-operating rolls 72 and '73, and the pressure applied to the wire ylli. for the shaping operation, can be varied to suit` the size and type of wire being supplied as well as the particular configuration to which the wire is to be shaped orgattened during the shaping operation. For this Ypurpose one of the co-operating rolls, in this case the lower roll 73, is shiftable for varying its position relative to the other roll and the wire. Therefore the mounting shaft 79 is rotatable in the arms Sli-@fof the bracket 8i? to cause the eccentric portion 7S to shift the lower roll toward or away from the upper roll T712;` depending upon the direction yof the pivotal movement imparted to the mounting shaft.

The pivot shaft79 can be thus rotated by suitable actuating means, inV this'case, by an actuating lever 86 to which swinging movement is imparted by a link S7 connected to the'outer end of the lever. The link 87'is here shown as being a rod having a threaded portion 88 extending through a sleevee$9`of a trunnion block 90 rockably mounted on or in .a'rigid arm projection 91 of the bracket 89. Upper and loweradjusting nuts 92 and 93 mounted onthe threaded portion 88 and engageable with the ends of the trunnion sleeve 89 provide for actuation of the link 37 invopposite directions for producing the rolladjusting swinging movement of the lever 86.

The co-operating rolls fand 73 can be mounted directly on the drawing die slide 22er, if desired, the seco nd slide 7d can be suitably attached to the drawing slide. Preferably, however, the second slide 70 is mounted in the guideway 2l. more or less independently of the drawing slide 22 and is actuatable through a workingrstroke by being pushed over and along the wire 11 while the latter is being held against backward movement by the grip device 24. Theworking stroke of the'shaping device 12 is imparted thereto by the draw lever 23 through the drawing slide 22, that is, Vthe second slide 76* is pushed yover and along the wire 1i by the drawing slide 22 during the drawing stroke of the latter. For this purpose the lateral projections 311'of the drawing slide 22 are engageable with the adjacent ends of the lateral projections 71 of the second slide 70 as shown in FIG. 2. The return movcment ofthe shaping device 12 is imparted thereto by the wire 1l when the latter is advanced; as explained above, by the action of the feed rolls 15 and i6.'

The drawing die 13 is provided with an orice 9S of a cross-sectional shape suitable for, or corresponding sub-Y stantially with, the crosssectional shape imparted to the wire 11 by the rolls of the shaping device 12. In FIG. 6 of the drawings the flattened shape of the'wire, imparted thereto' bythe co-operating rolls 72 and 73, is shown in cross-section and in FIG. 7 of the drawings the corresponding noncircular cross-sectional shape of the orifice 95 lof the drawing die 13 is shown. The corresponding noncircular'shape of the dieroriiice 95 is achieved by providing the die 13 with a iiat wall portion or chord segment on the' side thereof corresponding with the location of the at 96 on the wire. The drawing operation performed on the wire by the die 13 reduces the cross-sec'- tional size of the wirev so that the drawn wire 11a, al though of a smaller cross-sectionalV size than the portion of the wire entering the die orifice, is still of a noncircular or flattened shape.

FIG. 8 of the drawings shows the cross-sectional shape ofthe passage of the grip device 24 as provided by the cooperating gripping portions of the grip blocks 25 and 26. As shown in FIG. 8, the gripping portion of the upper grip block 25 is a flat portion 9S and `the gripping portion of the lower grip block 26 is a grooved portion 99. The fiat portion 98 of the upper grip block 25 engages the flat 96 of the drawn wire 11a and the semicircular lower portion of the-wire is received in the grooved gripping portion 99 of the lower grip block 26.

FIG. 9 of the drawings shows the adjacent portions of the co-operating feed rolls 15 and 16 and the manner in which they engage the drawn wire 11a.` The upper feed roll 15 has a flat or cylindrical peripheral surface 101 lwhich engages the flat 96 of the drawn wire 11a, and the lower feed roll 16 has a concave peripheral groove 102 in which theA semicircular lower portion or segment of the drawn wire is received.

From the construction of the wire drawing machine i0 and the relative arrangement of the components thereof as above described, it will be observed that the grip device 24, the drawing die 13 and the shaping device 12 are located in a relatively closely spaced relation longitudinally of the machine and along the axis of the wire 11. The feed device 17 and the fabricating machine 14 are also located relatively close to the grip device 24. With .the various components just referred to located in such a relatively closely spaced relation, the portions of the wire 11 eX- tending betwen these components are relatively short sections in which only a very small amount of twist, if any, will occur notwithstanding the fact that wire of a noncircular cross-section has a strong inherent tendency to assume a twisted form. Since the twist occurring in the wire 11 as operated upon by the machine 1t) and supplied to the header 14 will be extremely small or negligible in amount, error and difficulties heretofore encountered in the functioning of the dies of such a header on account of such twist will be overcome and avoided. It will also be seen that when the shaping of the wire 11 by the device 12 is accomplished with such device located on the entry side of the drawing die 13, any marring or irregularity produced in the wire by the shaping operation will be removed by the drawing die during the drawing operation. In view of the advantages and novel functioning of the wire drawing machine as hereinabove described, it will be understood also that this invention provides for the delivery of drawn wire of a desired accurate size and cross-sectional shape to the associated fabricating machine or header and that this is accomplished in a smooth, efficient and satisfactory manner even though the wire being processed is relatively small-size or iine wire.

Although the Wire drawing apparatus of this invention has been illustrated and described herein to a somewhat detailed extent it will be understood, of course, that the invention is not to be regarded as being limited correspondingly in scope but includes all changes and modifications coming within the terms of the claims hereof.

Having described my invention, I claim:

1. In wire drawing apparatus, the combination with a reciprocable slide carrying a drawing die and movable by swingable lever means through a drawing stroke in a said die having an orifice deiined in part by a flat portion on the die to co-operate with the flatportion formed on the wire by said rolls.

2. Wire drawing apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said iiattening device comprises a second slide adjacent the first-mentioned slide and said co-operating rolls comprise a grooved roll engaging one side of the wire and a transversely flat roll engaging the other side thereof.

3. In a wire drawing machine the combination of a frame structure having a guideway, 4slide means movable in said guideway, a ,grip device on said frame structure for gripping a wire being drawn, a drawing die on saidslide means for movement therewith through a drawing stroke over and along the Wire in a direction away from said grip device, actuating means effective on said slide means for producing said drawing stroke, and shaping rolls rotatably mounted on said slide means and having co-operating portions defining a bight passage of noncircular cross- Section and effective on the wire for pressure-shaping the same to the cross-sectional shape of said passage, said rolls being movable over and along the Wire in shaping engagement therewith during said drawing stroke.

'4. A wire drawing machine as defined in claim 3 wherein said slide means comprises a first slide carrying said die, and a second slide carrying said rolls and being movable along said guideway by pushing engagement of said first slide therewith. i t

5. In wire drawing apparatus, the combination with a reciprocable slide carrying a drawing die and movable .by swingable lever means through a drawing stroke in a direction along a wire held against backward movement by a grip device, of a shaping device movable along the wire by said slide and comprising co-operating pressure rolls effective on the wire to flatten the same by rolling, means supporting one of said rolls for rotation, and eccentric means supporting the other rolls for free rotation and providing for adjustment of the position thereof for varying the pressure of said rolls on the wire.

6. In wire drawing apparatus, the combination with a reciprocable slide carrying a drawing die and movable by swingable lever means through a drawing stroke in a direction along a wire held against backward movement by a grip device, of a .shaping device movable along the wire by said slide and comprising co-operating pressure rolls defining a bight passage and effective on the wire to shape the same in said passage, one of said rolls being a relatively small-diameter shaping roll and .the other being a peripherally grooved relatively large-diameter support roll, means supporting said one roll for free rotation, eccentric means supporting said other roll for free rotation, and adjusting means effective to rotate said eccentric means for varying the position of said other roll relative to said one roll for varying the size of said passage.

7. In a wire drawing machine a frame structure having a guideway, Ia first slide movable in said guideway, a grip device on said frame structure for gripping a wire being drawn, a drawing die having a drawing oriiice including a noncircular portion, said die being mounted on said iirst slide and movable therewith through a drawing stroke along the Wire in a direction away from said grip device, actuating means effective on said first slide for producing said drawing stroke, a second slide movable in said guideway and through a work stroke by a pushing engagement of said first slide thereagainst, a pair of wire-shaping rolls having co-operating portions delining a noncircular bight passage and effective on the wire for shaping the same by rolling to the noncircular shape of said passage during said work stroke to correspond with the noncircular drawing orifice ofsaid die, and `pivot shaft i means on said second slide supporting said rolls for free` rotation and including eccentric meansirotatably adjustable for varying the pressure position of one of said rolls relative to V,the other.

Y 8. A wire drawing machine as defined in claim 7 wherein said grip device, drawing die and pair of rolls arein a relatively closely spaced relation `along the axis of said wire for minimizing Ythe Yoccurrence of twist in the latter.

9. A wire drawing machine as denedin claim 7 where-v in said Second slide is locatedon` the side of said first slide remote from said grip device and said rolls, comprise a wire flattening device, one of said rolls being a relatively small-diameter cylindrical work roll and the other vbeing a peripherally grooved relatively large-.diameter support roll.

`10. A Wire drawing machine as delined in claim 9` wherein said pressure roll is an upper roll andsaid support roll is a lower roll, and wherein said grip device comprises co-operating upper and lower grip blocks, rsaid lower roll and lower block each having a wire-receiving groove therein for receiving the lower portion of the wire and said upper roll and upper block each having a transversely i fiat portion engageable with the flat portion of the wire.

11. The method of shaping and drawing wire'byrcold working for direct feeding to a fabricating machine substantially withouttwist; comprising the steps ofintermittently advancing the wire in a forward direction toward the fabricating machine and along a path of feed movement eXtendingrin succession througha shaping means,"

a drawing lmeans and a gripping means `located in a relatively closely spaced relation along said path; gripping a portion of the wire which has already been shaped and drawn toprevent backward p shapingvthe Wire as to cross-section, 'andfdrawing the shaped wire to asimilar but smallercross-section, by'push-vv ingtheA shaping means and the Idrawingineansjconjontly and in a tandenrrelation` over portions of the Ewire, which are spacedin the backward directionizfromr the gripping means, while the'y wire-is'- being Athus held fromY backward movement by` said gripping means.k i f l2. The method defined iny claimll wherein the shaping of the wire comprises attening the same by squeezing thereof between a grooved support vroll located on one side'. of thewire and a cylindrical work'roll in'liattening engagement with the oppositefsidefof the wire` and wherein Vthe drawing' of the wire `immediately followsgthe shaping thereof and isrcarried outby a drawing die whoseoriiice has a atside acting on thev attened side ofithe shaped wire.

- References Cited bythe Examiner` WILLIAM rsrEPHENsoN, Piiiiiary iixiiiiiiner.V

THOMAS E. BEALL, LEON PEAR, Examiners.

movement yof thewire; and

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTIQN Patent Not 3,184,943 A-Mty 25, 1965 Ben F.. Ware It is hereby certified that error appears in the above numbered patent requiring correction and that the said Letters Patent should read as corrected below.

Column 6, line 42, before "rotation" insert free Signed and Sealed this 21st day of December 1965.

EAL)

.test:

INEST W. SWIDER testing Officer EDWARD I. BRENNER Commissioner of Patents 

1. IN WIRE DRAWING APPARATUS, THE COMBINATION WITH A RECIPROCABLE SLIDE CARRYING A DRAWING DIE AND MOVABLE BY SWINGABLE LEVER MEANS THROUGH A DRAWING STROKE IN A DIRECTION ALONG A WIRE HELD AGAINST BACKWARD MOVEMENT BY A GRIP DEVICE, OF A FLATTENING DEVICE MOVABLE ALONG THE WIRE BY SAID SLIDE AND COMPRISING CO-OPERATING PRESSURE ROLLS EFFECTIVE ON THE WIRE TO FLATTEN THE SAME, SAID FLATTENING DEVICE BEING LOCATED ON THE ENTRY SIDE OF SAID DRAWING DIE FOR FLATTENING THE WIRE PRIOR TO THE DRAWING THEREOF, SAID DIE HAVING AN ORIFICE DEFINED IN PART BY A FLAT PORTION ON THE DIE TO CO-OPERATION WITH THE FLAT PORTION FORMED ON THE WIRE BY SAID ROLLS.
 11. THE METHOD OF SHAPING AND DRAWING WIRE BY COLD WORKING FOR DIRECT FEEDING TO A FABRICATING MACHINE SUBSTANTIALLY WITHOUT TWIST; COMPRISING THE STEPS OF INTERMITTENTLY ADVANCING THE WIRE IN A FORWARD DIRECTION TOWARD THE FABRICATING MACHINE AND ALONG A PATH OF FEED MOVEMENT EXTENDING IN SUCCESSION THROUGH A SHAPING MEANS, A DRAWING MEANS AND A GRIPPING MEANS LOCATED IN A RELATIVELY CLOSELY SPACED RELATION ALONG SAID PATH; GRIPPING A PORTION OF THE WIRE WHICH HAS ALREADY BEEN SHAPED AND DRAWN TO PREVENT BACKWARD MOVEMENT OF THE WIRE; AND SHAPING THE WIRE AS TO CROSS-SECTION, AND DRAWING THE SHAPED WIRE TO A SIMILAR BUT SMALLER CROSS-SECTION, BY PUSHING THE SHAPING MEANS AND THE DRAWING MEANS CONJOINTLY AND IN A TANDEM RELATION OVER PORTIONS OF THE WIRE, WHICH ARE SPACED IN THE BACKWARD DIRECTION FROM THE GRIPPING MEANS, WHILE THE WIRE IS BEING THUS HELD FROM BACKWARD MOVEMENT BY SAID GRIPPING MEANS. 